A causal conjunction is a word or phrase that introduces an explanation or reason for an action within a sentence.
Causal conjunctions can be coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or adverbs/adverbials. Here are some examples of each:
Coordinating conjunctions
so
yet
Subordinating conjunctions
as
because
even though
since
Adverbs/Adverbials
as a result
consequently
therefore
Causal conjunctions link two clauses. They can be used in the middle of a sentence:
The heating system is broken so it is very cold in the house.
I am wearing my raincoat because it looks like it is going to rain.
She could not continue to play in the match as a result of her injuries.
If a causal conjunction is a subordinating conjunction, it can also be placed at the beginning of the sentence:
I am still hungry even though I had a large bowl of pasta for dinner.
Even though I had a large bowl of pasta for dinner, I am still hungry.
When a subordinate conjunction is at the beginning of the sentence, a comma must be placed after the subordinate clause that follows it.
Causal conjunctions that are adverbs or adverbials can also be used to refer to a sentence before the one in which it is used:
I knocked the vase off the table. Consequently, it smashed.
Harry missed lunch. As a result, he is very hungry.
If an adverbial is used at the beginning of the sentence, a comma must be placed after it.
