Mental and Written Subtraction

Use this five-lesson Year 5 Maths scheme to explore different mental and written methods for subtraction, including negative numbers.

Revisit different mental and written methods for subtraction including using negative numbers in context, decimal numbers and rounding and estimating.

Formal Subtraction

Revisit the formal written method for subtraction by using the column method to find the differences between heights of mountains from around the world. Use this opportunity to have the children describe how column subtraction works and when and why they need to exchange. They will be challenged to find the pairs of mountains matching a given criterion using their estimation skills in the process.

Decimal Numbers

Children discover the world record attempts for longest distance travelled underwater on a bike and many more. They are challenged to use column subtraction to find the distance between these records in kilometres. They will be reminded of the importance of layout for these problems as well as solving problems involving numbers with different numbers of decimal digits.

Positive and Negative Numbers

Explore negative numbers in the context of dates before and after 0 AD. The children are challenged to calculate the length of time between dates in history using two jumps along a number line whilst more able children are extended by being expected to use their understanding of subtracting negative numbers to estimate differences to choose suitable dates from a selection.

Partitioned Subtraction

Introduce your class to a new method of subtraction involving negative numbers and partitioning. Challenge your class to use their knowledge of negative numbers to subtract numbers with no exchanging and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new method with them.

Estimating

Challenge your class to use their estimation skills for a purpose. Ask the children to make or choose a sensible estimate for a subtrahend to complete a question with limited information, before discussing what makes an estimate sensible or inaccurate.