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Teaching Difficult Moments in History

Teaching Difficult Moments in History

Why It Matters and How to Approach It

Teaching children about challenging aspects of history—like the actions of individuals such as Christopher Columbus or the events of the Holocaust—can feel overwhelming. Some may wonder if these topics are too complex or upsetting for younger learners.

However, when taught in an age-appropriate and thoughtful way, these subjects can offer children a richer understanding of the world and support children to build empathy, social awareness and critical thinking. By exploring these topics, we help children develop a sense of fairness, justice and humanity while encouraging them to question and engage with the world around them - all skills which serve children far beyond the classroom.

So, how can we approach these sensitive topics effectively in the primary classroom? Read on to explore why these subjects matter and how they can be taught with care and purpose.

Why Teach Difficult Topics Like Columbus and the Holocaust?

Christopher Columbus: Exploring the Dual Impact of Exploration

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a new trade route to Asia. Instead, he reached the Americas, landing in the Caribbean. This marked the beginning of European exploration and colonisation of the ‘New World.’

Portrait of Christopher Columbus

Portrait of Christopher Columbus by Sebastiano del Piombo

Columbus is often remembered for his daring voyages, which opened up trade and cultural exchanges between Europe and the Americas. However, his legacy is complex and problematic. His expeditions led to the colonisation of Indigenous lands, the exploitation and enslavement of Indigenous people, and the spread of deadly diseases that devastated local communities.

Teaching about Columbus allows children to explore history from multiple perspectives and understand his lasting impact.

Understanding the Impact of Exploration: Columbus's voyages triggered rapid social, cultural and economic changes, opening trade routes and cultural exchanges between continents. Teaching about this helps children understand how exploration shaped the interconnected world we live in today.

Examining Multiple Perspectives: For Europeans, Columbus's discoveries brought wealth and opportunities. However, for the Indigenous populations of the Americas, it meant colonisation, loss of land, cultural destruction and the breakdown of social structures which lead to immense suffering. Highlighting these different experiences and perspectives, encourages children to think critically about whose stories are told in history.

Considering Legacy: Teaching about Columbus helps children consider how individuals are remembered in history. By exploring both the positive and negative impacts of his actions, children can question why certain figures are celebrated and why some voices are missing from historical narratives.

 

The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus Lesson Pack

£2.99

This lesson has a strong focus on oracy and chronology as children are challenged to sequence or retell the events from his first voyage in chronological order, using maps as a visual aid for support. The pack contains a detailed lesson plan, slideshow presentation and a range of printable resources to help your KS1 class learn what Columbus set out to do by sailing west on his first voyage of exploration and also find out what he achieved.

Scroll through the pictures for a preview of the lessons' resources:

Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 1
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 2
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 3
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 4
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 5
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 6
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 7
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 8
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Slide Example 9
Christopher Columbus KS1 Worksheet Example 1
Christopher Columbus KS1 Worksheet Example 2
Christopher Columbus KS1 Worksheet Example 3
Christopher Columbus KS1 Lesson Plan Example 1

The Holocaust and Anne Frank: Lessons of Humanity and Justice

The Holocaust is another difficult subject, but one that holds powerful lessons, even for younger children. During World War II, Nazi Germany persecuted and murdered six million Jewish people in a systematic campaign known as the Holocaust.  

At the time, Anne Frank was a young Jewish girl who went into hiding in Amsterdam with her family to escape persecution from the Nazis. While in hiding, she kept a diary that detailed her thoughts, fears, and hopes for the future. Anne’s story makes the Holocaust more relatable and accessible to children by focusing on a single, personal experience within a broader historical tragedy.

Photograph of Anne Frank with her diary

Anne Frank with her diary.

Through stories like Anne Frank and her diary, we can make this enormous tragedy accessible to younger children while also teaching them critical values - such as empathy, courage and social justice.

Empathy Through Personal Stories: Anne Frank’s diary provides children with a personal glimpse into the impact of the Holocaust on ordinary people. It helps children connect with the human side of history, making it more meaningful and accessible.

Challenging Injustice: Teaching children about the Holocaust demonstrates the dangers of discrimination and prejudice. It encourages children to think about the consequences of dividing people into “us” and “them”, and the importance of standing up against social injustice. Learning about Anne Frank’s story helps children understand the human cost of prejudice and hatred.

Understanding Empathy, Courage and Resilience: Stories like Anne Frank’s highlight the bravery of those who resisted Nazi policies and supported families in hiding. These stories teach children the value of empathy, courage and compassion and that demonstrating these values in the most difficult circumstances are a critical part of being human.

 

Anne Frank Lesson Pack

£2.99

This age-appropriate yet thought-provoking lesson explores how Hitler’s beliefs about race led to the persecution of the Jews across Nazi Europe, culminating in the Holocaust.

Children learn the story of Anne Frank and use extracts from her diary to understand the impact of the Holocaust on the Jewish people.

Scroll through the pictures for a preview of the lessons' resources:

Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 1
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 2
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 3
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 4
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 5
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 6
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 7
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 8
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Slide Example 9
Anne Frank KS2 Worksheet Example 1
Anne Frank KS2 Worksheet Example 2
Anne Frank KS2 Worksheet Example 3
Anne Frank KS2 Lesson Plan

Teaching Difficult Subjects

Teaching children about such difficult issues calls for your professional expertise, thoughtful judgment and deep understanding of the children in your care. The following practical strategies for teaching difficult subjects in the classroom:

Know Your Class:
Tailor your approach to the age, maturity and sensitivities of your children. For younger children, focus on storytelling and relatable themes like fairness and bravery.

Use High-Quality Materials:
Choose resources that are age-appropriate, balanced and accurate. For Columbus, include materials that explore both his achievements and their consequences. For the Holocaust, use personal stories like The Diary of Anne Frank  or picture books to introduce the topic gently.

Leave Time for Discussion:
Allow children time and space to ask questions and process what they’ve learned. These discussions can help clarify misunderstandings and encourage deeper thinking.

Consider Different Viewpoints:
Use these topics to encourage children to consider multiple perspectives. For example, explore how Columbus’s voyages affected different groups or discuss the perspectives of those who resisted the Nazis.

Compare and Contrast
Help children relate difficult topics to other significant individuals or events. For instance, compare Columbus’s explorations with those of Ibn Battuta or Neil Armstrong to highlight different types of discovery. Relate Anne Frank’s story to modern struggles for human rights, showing that these lessons remain relevant today.

Put Topics in Context:
Situate these topics within the broader historical narrative to help children see the big picture. For example, explain how Columbus's voyages fit into the Age of Exploration or how the Holocaust was part of World War II.

 

Why It’s Worth It

By approaching these topics with sensitivity and care, we not only enrich children’s understanding of history but also empower them to engage thoughtfully with the world today. These subjects challenge children to empathise with others and question the world around them. They help young learners build the skills to navigate a complex and diverse world while developing a sense of fairness, justice, and humanity.

Let’s embrace these opportunities to create informed and empathetic future citizens.

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